Directions and Measuring

person T&T Aviation Editorial
•
calendar_month July 30, 2019
•
schedule 4 min read

Wind velocity is shown like this: 150/25

This means how fast the wind is blowing in Knots and what way its going (degrees). In the example above, that means the wind is blowing at 150 knots at a 25 degree angle. 1 knot is equal to 1.8km per hour.

Runways have a 2 figure number on them. eg. '21' which means 210 degrees magnetic. If the runway was a direction of 055 degrees magnetic, it would be rounded off to 06. NOTE: 09 = 090 degrees not 900. The best way to remember is to add a zero on the right hand side of the number.

In the cockpit while a pilot is in there, directions are reffered to as a clock face. eg. right would be 3 o'clock, and left would be 9 o'clock.

This is a runway at Scottsdale Airport (SDL), Arizona, United States. It is marked with 21, for 210 degrees.
 
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Vietnam E-Visa — The Standard Entry Method

Eligibility
ALL countries & territories worldwide (Resolution 127/NQ-CP)
Validity
Up to 90 days, single or multiple entry
Cost
USD 25 (single) / USD 50 (multiple), non-refundable
Processing
3–5 working days (apply 1–2 weeks before travel)
Required Documents:
  • ✓ Passport valid 6+ months, at least 2 blank pages
  • ✓ Passport data page scan (JPEG format)
  • ✓ Recent passport photo 4×6 cm, white background
  • ✓ Entry/exit checkpoint selection (83 designated ports across Vietnam)
  • ✓ Valid international credit/debit card for payment
Important Notes:
  • ⓘ E-visa cannot be extended from within Vietnam — must exit and re-enter
  • ⓘ Apply ONLY at official portal: evisa.xuatnhapcanh.gov.vn
  • ⓘ Digital pre-arrival declaration (pilot program at Tan Son Nhat — SGN): prearrival.immigration.gov.vn (free, expanding to other airports in phases)
Official Resources & Contact
Immigration Dept.
44-46 Tran Phu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
333-335-337 Nguyen Trai, Q1, HCMC
Hotline: +84 24 3826 4026
T&T Aviation coordinates directly with the Vietnam Immigration Department for all crew and passenger visa formalities. Contact us for personalized assistance — no need to navigate these processes alone.

45-Day Visa Exemption (25 Countries)

United Kingdom
Germany
France
Spain
Italy
Japan
South Korea
Russia
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland
Belarus
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Poland
Czech Rep.
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
Croatia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Luxembourg

Valid until March 2028 (Resolution 44 & 229). Requires: passport 6+ months valid, return ticket, at least 1 blank page. For stays 46–90 days, apply for e-visa.

ASEAN Visa Exemption
Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia 30 days
Philippines 21 days
Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Myanmar 14 days

All other nationalities must use e-visa. T&T Aviation verifies requirements in real-time.

Official Resources & Contact
Immigration Dept.
44-46 Tran Phu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
333-335-337 Nguyen Trai, Q1, HCMC
Hotline: +84 24 3826 4026
T&T Aviation coordinates directly with the Vietnam Immigration Department for all crew and passenger visa formalities. Contact us for personalized assistance — no need to navigate these processes alone.

Crew CMC Entry — Commercial Airlines (Visa-Free)

Crew of scheduled commercial airlines with valid CMC on active duty enter visa-free under 3 scenarios:

Scenario 1 (Commercial)
Arrive on international flight, depart on another flight by same airline
Scenario 2 (Commercial)
Arrive as deadheading passengers to operate a departing flight
Scenario 3 (Commercial)
Arrive on duty, reposition out as commercial passengers
⚠ Charter & Private Flight Crew
CMC visa-free applies to scheduled commercial airlines only. Crew of charter, private, or non-scheduled flights must hold a valid e-visa or pre-arranged visa letter. T&T Aviation handles this for all charter crews — contact us for arrangements.
Required Documents for Crew:
  • ✓ Valid passport (6+ months validity)
  • ✓ Valid CMC or airline-issued crew ID card
  • ✓ Flight itinerary / trip sheet from airline
  • ✓ Business introduction letter on airline letterhead
Bilateral Crew Exemptions (for charter/private crew from select countries):

USA (Delta), Qatar (Qatar Airways), Japan (JAL), Australia (Jetstar), France (Air France), South Korea (Asiana), Russia, Uzbekistan, Hong Kong, Kazakhstan, Poland, Luxembourg — crew from these countries may qualify for additional reciprocal visa exemptions.

⚠ Important
CMC entry is for ACTIVE DUTY on scheduled commercial flights only. Charter/private crew must use e-visa. Cannot be used for personal holidays or after leaving airline employment. Crew on personal travel must apply for a standard e-visa (3–5 working days).
Official Resources & Contact
Immigration Dept.
44-46 Tran Phu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
333-335-337 Nguyen Trai, Q1, HCMC
Hotline: +84 24 3826 4026
T&T Aviation coordinates directly with the Vietnam Immigration Department for all crew and passenger visa formalities. Contact us for personalized assistance — no need to navigate these processes alone.

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Booking Requirements:
  • 🕒 Book at least 24–48 hours before arrival
  • 🕒 Submit: passport copies, flight details, passenger/crew manifest
  • 🕒 Complete digital pre-arrival declaration 72h before arrival
Official Resources & Contact
Immigration Dept.
44-46 Tran Phu, Ba Dinh, Hanoi
333-335-337 Nguyen Trai, Q1, HCMC
Hotline: +84 24 3826 4026
T&T Aviation coordinates directly with the Vietnam Immigration Department for all crew and passenger visa formalities. Contact us for personalized assistance — no need to navigate these processes alone.